线程池 ThreadPoolExecutor 详解

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler)

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
    return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                    60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                    new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

//这个属性是用来存放 当前运行的 worker 数量以及线程池状态的
//int是 32 位的，这里把 int 的高 3 位拿来充当线程池状态的标志位,后 29 位拿来充当当前运行 worker 的数量
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
//存放任务的阻塞队列
private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;
//worker的集合,用set来存放
private final HashSet<Worker> workers = new HashSet<Worker>();
//历史达到的worker数最大值
private int largestPoolSize;
//当队列满了并且worker的数量达到maxSize的时候,执行具体的拒绝策略
private volatile RejectedExecutionHandler handler;
//超出coreSize的worker的生存时间
private volatile long keepAliveTime;
//常驻worker的数量
private volatile int corePoolSize;
//最大worker的数量,一般当workQueue满了才会用到这个参数
private volatile int maximumPoolSize;

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

// runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;

// Packing and unpacking ctl
private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }

public void execute(Runnable command) {
    if (command == null)
        throw new NullPointerException();
    /*
     * Proceed in 3 steps:
     *
     * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
     * start a new thread with the given command as its first
     * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
     * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
     * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
     *
     * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
     * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
     * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
     * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
     * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
     * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
     *
     * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
     * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
     * and so reject the task.
     */
    int c = ctl.get();
    if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {  
    //workerCountOf获取线程池的当前线程数；小于corePoolSize，执行addWorker创建新线程执行command任务
       if (addWorker(command, true))
            return;
        c = ctl.get();
    }
    // double check: c, recheck
    // 线程池处于RUNNING状态，把提交的任务成功放入阻塞队列中
    if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
        int recheck = ctl.get();
        // recheck and if necessary 回滚到入队操作前，即倘若线程池shutdown状态，就remove(command)
        //如果线程池没有RUNNING，成功从阻塞队列中删除任务，执行reject方法处理任务
        if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
            reject(command);
        //线程池处于running状态，但是没有线程，则创建线程
        else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
            addWorker(null, false);
    }
    // 往线程池中创建新的线程失败，则reject任务
    else if (!addWorker(command, false))
        reject(command);
}

private final ReentrantLock mainLock = new ReentrantLock();

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
    // CAS更新线程池数量
    retry:
    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
            ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                firstTask == null &&
                ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
            return false;

        for (;;) {
            int wc = workerCountOf(c);
            if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                return false;
            if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                break retry;
            c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
            if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                continue retry;
            // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
        }
    }

    boolean workerStarted = false;
    boolean workerAdded = false;
    Worker w = null;
    try {
        w = new Worker(firstTask);
        final Thread t = w.thread;
        if (t != null) {
            // 线程池重入锁
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            mainLock.lock();
            try {
                // Recheck while holding lock.
                // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                // shut down before lock acquired.
                int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                    (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                    if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                        throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                    workers.add(w);
                    int s = workers.size();
                    if (s > largestPoolSize)
                        largestPoolSize = s;
                    workerAdded = true;
                }
            } finally {
                mainLock.unlock();
            }
            if (workerAdded) {
                t.start();  // 线程启动，执行任务(Worker.thread(firstTask).start());
                workerStarted = true;
            }
        }
    } finally {
        if (! workerStarted)
            addWorkerFailed(w);
    }
    return workerStarted;
}

private final class Worker extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer implements Runnable{
    Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
        setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
        this.firstTask = firstTask;
        this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this); // 创建线程
    }
    /** Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker  */
    public void run() {
        runWorker(this);
    }
    // ...
}

//运行的线程,前面addWorker方法中就是直接通过启动这个线程来启动这个worker
final Thread thread;
//当一个worker刚创建的时候,就先尝试执行这个任务
Runnable firstTask;
//记录完成任务的数量
volatile long completedTasks;

Worker(Runnable firstTask) {
    setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
    this.firstTask = firstTask;
    //创建一个Thread,将自己设置给他,后面这个thread启动的时候,也就是执行worker的run方法
    this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
}   

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
    Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
    Runnable task = w.firstTask;
    w.firstTask = null;
    w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
    boolean completedAbruptly = true;
    try {
        // 先执行firstTask，再从workerQueue中取task(getTask())

        while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
            w.lock();
            // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
            // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
            // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
            // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
            if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                    (Thread.interrupted() &&
                    runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                !wt.isInterrupted())
                wt.interrupt();
            try {
                beforeExecute(wt, task);
                Throwable thrown = null;
                try {
                    task.run();
                } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Error x) {
                    thrown = x; throw x;
                } catch (Throwable x) {
                    thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                } finally {
                    afterExecute(task, thrown);
                }
            } finally {
                task = null;
                w.completedTasks++;
                w.unlock();
            }
        }
        completedAbruptly = false;
    } finally {
        processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
    }
}

private Runnable getTask() {
    boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

    for (;;) {
        int c = ctl.get();
        int rs = runStateOf(c);

        // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
        if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            decrementWorkerCount();
            return null;
        }

        int wc = workerCountOf(c);

        // Are workers subject to culling?
        boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;

        if ((wc > maximumPoolSize || (timed && timedOut))
            && (wc > 1 || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
            if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                return null;
            continue;
        }

        try {
            Runnable r = timed ?
                workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                workQueue.take();
            if (r != null)
                return r;
            timedOut = true;
        } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
            timedOut = false;
        }
    }
}

boolean timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
Runnable r = timed ?
                workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                workQueue.take();

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Future<String> future = es.submit(new Callable<String>() {
            @Override
            public String call() throws Exception {
                try {
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return "future result";
            }
        });
        try {
            String result = future.get();
            System.out.println(result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

// submit()在ExecutorService中的定义
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);

<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);

Future<?> submit(Runnable task);

// submit方法在AbstractExecutorService中的实现
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
    if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
    // 通过submit方法提交的Callable任务会被封装成了一个FutureTask对象。
    RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
    execute(ftask);
    return ftask;
}

/* The run state of this task, initially NEW. 
    * ...
    * Possible state transitions:
    * NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
    * NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
    * NEW -> CANCELLED
    * NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
    */
private volatile int state;
private static final int NEW          = 0;
private static final int COMPLETING   = 1;
private static final int NORMAL       = 2;
private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3;
private static final int CANCELLED    = 4;
private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6;

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
    int s = state;
    if (s <= COMPLETING)
        s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
    return report(s);
} 

private int awaitDone(boolean timed, long nanos)
    throws InterruptedException {
    final long deadline = timed ? System.nanoTime() + nanos : 0L;
    WaitNode q = null;
    boolean queued = false;
    for (;;) {
        if (Thread.interrupted()) {
            removeWaiter(q);
            throw new InterruptedException();
        }

        int s = state;
        if (s > COMPLETING) {
            if (q != null)
                q.thread = null;
            return s;
        }
        else if (s == COMPLETING) // cannot time out yet
            Thread.yield();
        else if (q == null)
            q = new WaitNode();
        else if (!queued)
            queued = UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, waitersOffset,q.next = waiters, q);
        else if (timed) {
            nanos = deadline - System.nanoTime();
            if (nanos <= 0L) {
                removeWaiter(q);
                return state;
            }
            LockSupport.parkNanos(this, nanos);
        }
        else
            LockSupport.park(this);
    }
}

public void run() {
    if (state != NEW || !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset, null, Thread.currentThread()))
        return;
    try {
        Callable<V> c = callable;
        if (c != null && state == NEW) {
            V result;
            boolean ran;
            try {
                result = c.call();
                ran = true;
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                result = null;
                ran = false;
                setException(ex);
            }
            if (ran)
                set(result);
        }
    } finally {
        // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
        // prevent concurrent calls to run()
        runner = null;
        // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
        // leaked interrupts
        int s = state;
        if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
            handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
    }
}

public void shutdown() {
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        //检查是否可以关闭线程
        checkShutdownAccess();
        //设置线程池状态
        advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
        //尝试中断worker
        interruptIdleWorkers();
            //预留方法,留给子类实现
        onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
    tryTerminate();
}

private void interruptIdleWorkers() {
    interruptIdleWorkers(false);
}

private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne) {
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        //遍历所有的worker
        for (Worker w : workers) {
            Thread t = w.thread;
            //先尝试调用w.tryLock(),如果获取到锁,就说明worker是空闲的,就可以直接中断它
            //注意的是,worker自己本身实现了AQS同步框架,然后实现的类似锁的功能
            //它实现的锁是不可重入的,所以如果worker在执行任务的时候,会先进行加锁,这里tryLock()就会返回false
            if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock()) {
                try {
                    t.interrupt();
                } catch (SecurityException ignore) {
                } finally {
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            if (onlyOne)
                break;
        }
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
}

public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
    List<Runnable> tasks;
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        checkShutdownAccess();
        //检测权限
        advanceRunState(STOP);
        //中断所有的worker
        interruptWorkers();
        //清空任务队列
        tasks = drainQueue();
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
    tryTerminate();
    return tasks;
}

private void interruptWorkers() {
    final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
    mainLock.lock();
    try {
        //遍历所有worker，然后调用中断方法
        for (Worker w : workers)
            w.interruptIfStarted();
    } finally {
        mainLock.unlock();
    }
}

ScheduledExecutorService executorService = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1,
        new BasicThreadFactory.Builder().namingPattern("example-schedule-pool-%d").daemon(true).build());

ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("demo-pool-%d").build();

//Common Thread Pool
ExecutorService pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 200, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1024), namedThreadFactory, new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy());

// excute
pool.execute(()-> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()));

 //gracefully shutdown
pool.shutdown();

userThreadPool.execute(thread);